MySQL学习笔记初涉MySQL
1.在Linux下安装MySQL
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# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
修改字符集:/etc/my.conf配置文件
vi /etc/my.conf [mysqld] default-character-set=utf8 character_set_server=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8
2.启动和停止MySQL服务
# service mysqld start
3.登录MySQL:
# mysql -uroot
4.修改MySQL提示符:
修改MySQL提示符
# mysql -uroot -proot --prompt ‘<提示符>’ //在windows中不用‘’
或 连接进MySQL后修改:
mysql> prompt <提示符>
常用的MySQL提示符:
\D | 完整的日期 | |
\d | 当前数据库 | |
\h | 服务器名称 | |
\u | 当前用户 | |
例:
# mysql -uroot --prompt '\u@\h \d' root@localhost (none) //或 mysql> prompt \u@\h \d> PROMPT set to '\u@\h \d>' root@localhost (none)>
5.MySQL常用命令
显示当前服务器版本号:
mysql> SELECT VERSION(); +-----------+ | VERSION() | +-----------+ | 5.1.71 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
显示当前用户:
mysql> SELECT USER(); +----------------+ | USER() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
显示当前日期时间:
mysql> SELECT NOW(); +---------------------+ | NOW() | +---------------------+ | 2016-11-20 21:32:55 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.MySQL语句规范:
***关键字与函数名称全部大写
***数据库名称,表名称,字段名称全部小写
***SQL语句必须以分号结尾
8.数据库基本操作:
数据库创建:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test1;
加上 IF NOT EXISTS,若已存在该数据库,会提示警告信息:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test1; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
查看警告信息:.
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS; +-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Level | Code | Message | +-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Error | 1064 | You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'WARNING' at line 1 | +-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据库列表:
mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | | test1 | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示数据库创建的时候使用的指令:
mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test1; +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | test1 | CREATE DATABASE `test1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建与配置文件不一样的数据库编码方式(例GBK):
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test2 CHARACTER SET gbk; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test2; +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | test2 | CREATE DATABASE `test2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ | +----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改数据库编码方式修改:
mysql> ALTER DATABASE test2 CHARACTER SET utf8;
或
mysql> ALTER DATABASE test2 CHARACTER SET = utf8;
删除数据库:
mysql> DROP DATABASE test1;
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